ANALISIS SPASIAL FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DAN KEJADIAN DBD DI KABUPATEN DEMAK

ANALISIS SPASIAL FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DAN KEJADIAN DBD DI KABUPATEN DEMAK

Musyarifatun Farahiyah, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Onny Setiani

Abstract

Dengue Haemoragic Fever (DHF) was still a public health problem in Demak District, Central Java. In the year of 2012, there were 483 DHF cases and 6 of them were died. Based on those cases, there was no clear information how those cases spread related to environmental and demographic factor. This research aimed to do spatial analysis of DHF incidence then it was related to House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and the density of houses and occupant. It was an observational research using survey method. This Research took 150 samples of DHF cases. The site of DHF incidence was identified using Geographic Positioning System (GPS) device, to gained its coordinat. Environmental and demographic data was collected based on secondary information from District Health Office of Demak. The colected data would be analyzed spatially using ArcView GIS software. This research showed that there was no association between environmental factors (HI, CI) with the Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF (p-value < 0,05). However, the level of HI and CI was 13,17% and 7,08% respectively. It was a potential condition for DHF spreading in the community. Spatial analysis indicated that Mranggen Sub-district had the most number of DHF incidence that the pattern of spreading covered all area of villages. The higher of population and house density, the higher of Incidence Rate of DHF

Keywords : spatial analysis of DHF, environmental factors, Demak

Abstrak

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih merupakan permasalahan serius di Kabupaten Demak Pripinsi Jawa Tengah. Pada tahun 2012, Di Kabupaten Demak terdapat 483 kasus DBD dengan 6 kematian, namun belum diketahui bagaimana sebaran kasus tersebut secara spasial dikaitkan dengan faktor lingkungan dan demografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis spasial kejadian DBD yang dihubungkan dengan House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), kepadatan penduduk dan kepadatan rumah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode survei. Sampel penelitian ini sebesar 150 responden. Lokasi kejadian DBD diidentifikasi berdasarkan koordinat menggunakan GPS. Faktor lingkungan dan demografi diperoleh berdasarkan data sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Demak. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara spasial dengan Software ArcView GIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara HI, CI dengan IR (p-value>0,05). Meskipun demikian, nilai rata-rata HI dan CI di Kabupaten Demak sebesar 13,17% dan 7,08%. Kondisi ini berpotensi terjadi penularan DBD yang tinggi di masyarakat. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukan bahwa sebaran kasus DBD terbanyak terjadi di Kecamatan Mranggen dengan pola sebaran merata di seluruh desa. Ada kecenderungan semakin tinggi kepadatan penduduk dan kepadatan rumah semakin tinggi pula IR DBD (p-value < 0,05).

Kata kunci: analisis spasial DBD, faktor lingkungan, Kabupaten Demak